Nearly one in three civil lawsuits on intellectual property violations involving foreigners concerned Americans, Shanghai Higher People’s court said yesterday. Between 2014 and 2017, Shanghai courts received 1,244 intellectual property disputes, and more than 96 percent of the cases were filed by foreigners. Trademark infringement was the most serious problem, accounting for more than 30 percent, followed by copyright piracy. Over the same period, local courts made decisions on 1,219 out of the 1,244 disputes. Of them, 409 cases involved Americans, followed by French with 134 cases and Germans with 47.